Keeping with the terminology of hypnosis may hinder understanding what is actually going on. Because the capacity may have arisen at least in part to confirm socially held beliefs (such as, historically and prehistorically, the existence of a spirit world), any social activities, such as being part of an experiment, may be subject to these acts of self- and hence other-deception (cf.
It is widespread, and individual differences are stable over at least 25 years (in the hypnotic context, see Piccione et al., 1989). We call this the capacity for phenomenological control. The person can alter experience to achieve their goals without knowing they are doing so ( Hilgard, 1977 Lynn & Green, 2011). It can feel as if a normally volitional movement is involuntary or controlled by an external agent (e.g., one’s arm moving by itself), as if imagination is perception (e.g., a hallucination of music or of a person being present), or as if pretense is belief (e.g., believing one has changed sex or is a different person Connors, 2015).
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